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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD, appear to balance brain chemicals and boost their levels. However, they do not cure the condition and can only aid in managing symptoms so long as they are taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medications may include changes in blood pressure and heart rate, anxiety and tics. Some teens and children who take stimulant drugs experience a slight reduction in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and is the most widely prescribed drug to treat ADHD. It is available in a variety of forms, including tablets that chew liquid as well as an oral disintegrating tablet that acts long and has an extended release. The drug increases the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. This can help improve concentration. It can also help reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate is an effective treatment for ADHD in combination with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks transporters that remove these neurotransmitters normally from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Patients with diabetes should be on guard when taking this medication as it could cause an abrupt rise in blood sugar. If medication for adults with add have any of these side effects, speak to your doctor. Methylphenidate may also cause Raynaud’s phenomenon that causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is an uncommon side effect, however it is essential to notify your doctor if you experience these symptoms. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate can slow down children's growth. However this hasn't been proven. If you have a child who is receiving treatment with methylphenidate be sure to keep track of the height and weight closely. If your child is taking a methylphenidate tablet, the phenylalanine in it could pose a risk for children suffering from Phenylketonuria. Consult your physician about a different methylphenidate formula when you suffer from PKU. Some people are unable to take stimulants which are the primary choice of medication for treating ADHD. In these cases, doctors may prescribe other medications that function in a similar manner. There are other stimulants like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine, besides methylphenidate. These substances can last longer and are more potent than methylphenidate. They are usually taken every day, either twice or three times however some individuals might be able to take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however they are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera and is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration while decreasing the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It belongs to a class called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical messengers which regulate brain's activity. It is a favorite among people of all ages who need an alternative to stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is crucial to understand that atomoxetine does not work immediately. It could take up to 6 weeks before the effects of this drug are evident. In addition, you may be afflicted by side effects such as reduced appetite, drowsiness and upset stomach. For the majority of patients, the benefits of taking atomoxetine outweigh the risks. The efficacy of atomoxetine was verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled study with 297 ADHD patients ages 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine, a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine and the placebo group experienced a decrease in the symptoms of depression. The atomoxetine treatment group had greater improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group. However, the improvement was modest (Michelson and co. 2001). In a follow-up open trial, 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants were treated with the treatment of atomoxetine for eight weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvements in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Rated screening version and Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales increasing significantly. One patient withdrew due to a skin rash. Three patients also reported transient stomach symptoms, and one patient complained of increased fatigue. Consult your physician before you start treatment with atomoxetine. Discuss your medical history, including any medications or supplements you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as prescription medicines. Inform your doctor whether any of the following conditions exist: narrow-angle glaucoma; a thyroid or adrenal gland tumour or a high blood pressure heart disease or sudden death. It is also recommended to be wary of atomoxetine in the event that you have taken an MAO inhibitor like isocarboxazid, linezolid or methylene blue injection rasagiline or phenelzine, as well as tranylcypromine within the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion, a nonstimulant that is a non-stimulant, can aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. It also helps to reduce impulsivity and boost concentration, but it does not affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will decide the best dose for you. Bupropion is available in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is important to follow the instructions. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur if you stop suddenly. It's usually taken twice or three times daily with a 4-6 hour interval between each dose. The dosage can range between 100mg and three times per day to 150mg three or four time daily. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and eliminated into urine, which means that it cannot be absorbed into breast milk. However, it could enter the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion increases blood pressure. It is important to keep it in check frequently. In addition to reducing the symptoms of ADHD Bupropion can also reduce depression. It is also a treatment for bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors within your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine from entering your brain, which can help to regulate your mood. Bupropion may interact with other medications So it's crucial to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking. It's essential to let your doctor know if are suffering from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants because they can make side effects worse. In several studies in a variety of studies, bupropion was compared with placebos for adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and the majority of studies were poorly conducted. Furthermore, many of them did not include participants with psychiatric disorders. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion has a modest impact on ADHD. However it is necessary to conduct more research to determine positive patient-centered outcomes such as improvement in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be developed it is essential to gain a better understanding of the molecular types of ADHD. This includes a better understanding of the relation between the different molecular pathways. It is also crucial to know how anti-ADHD drugs function in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD don't work or cause adverse side effects, doctors may consider antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor) boost the neurotransmitters dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain, which helps people concentrate. These are older medications that can have challenging adverse reactions, and are usually only used after other medications have failed. The first option of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants which have been around for decades, may still be used in certain situations. These medications are also effective in treating neuropathic pain and provide a pain-relieving effect that is separate from their antidepressant effect. They increase the activity of the noradrenephrine receptor, by preventing its reuptake. They also act as descending modulators for pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs have a lower risk of toxicity and have less severe side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and don't appear to be teratogenic to humans or animals. If abruptly stopped, they could cause significant withdrawal symptoms. To reduce the risk of these adverse effects, your physician may suggest reducing your dose gradually over a period of time. While not officially approved by the FDA as an adhd medication, bupropion is a commonly prescribed antidepressant off-label to treat ADHD. It is believed to work by increasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which increases concentration. It's also known to relieve anxiety and can be used in conjunction with stimulants for more rapid and sustained results. There are no FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medications, but many people have found relief through herbal remedies and supplements to their diets. A diet low on sugar and fat may also aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Some people may benefit from avoiding caffeine. It is essential to inform your doctor about all the medications your child or you uses, including prescription drugs and herbal remedies. This will help prevent interactions and reduce unwanted side effects. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, which is why it's often a trial and error to discover the right dosage and drug for your child or you.