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14 Clever Ways To Spend The Leftover Best ADHD Medication For Adults Budget

Mon, 18 Nov 2024 06:32:48 +0000

Finding the Best ADHD Medication For Adults Many adult ADHD treatment programs are based around medication. But finding the right drug and dosage can be difficult. Stimulants: These medications are used to treat both hyperactivity and inattention. They work by increasing the levels of brain chemicals which transmit messages between nerve cells. They are typically taken multiple times per day and begin to work within less than an hour. Stimulants medication for adult add start with stimulants to treat ADHD. They work by increasing activity in certain parts of the brain which help to regulate attention and impulses. They also improve how the brain transmits messages between nerve cell. These effects can enhance people's ability to remain focused and follow directions, as well as get along with other people. The most common stimulant, methylphenidate comes in tablet form, and includes brands like Adderall, Ritalin, and their generic versions. Doctors may also prescribe a shorter-acting version that dissolves quickly in the mouth. Methylphenidate is a fast-acting drug that lasts only a short duration. It is therefore recommended to take the medication a few times per day. Atomoxetine, a newer drug in a class called selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), is FDA-approved for use in children and adults who are older than 5. It increases the levels of noradrenaline within the brain, which increases concentration and reduces impulsive behaviors. Atomoxetine can be found in capsules and is typically taken once or twice a day. Certain antidepressants, including bupropion (which has been approved for adults) can be used to treat ADHD. Antidepressants are slower than stimulants, but they can help with symptoms for certain adults who can't take the adverse effects of stimulants. Doctors may also recommend counseling or behavioral therapies in addition to medication to address the symptoms of ADHD. These therapies can help people manage their behavior, improve their relationships and devise strategies to deal with ADHD. Untreated ADHD can cause serious issues at work, school and home. They may struggle to keep up with the demands of their studies and have higher rates of job loss or turnover and more issues in marriages and other intimate relationships than those who do not have the disorder. They also have greater risk of substance abuse as well as mental health issues like anxiety and depression (Kessler and colleagues 2007). A person suffering from ADHD should talk to their healthcare provider about the best treatment options. The doctor can determine the severity of the symptoms, as well as how they affect daily activities and the performance at work or at school. The doctor can prescribe the appropriate medication and dosage. It is crucial to inform your doctor about all medications, including over-the-counter supplements and medicines. The doctor must be aware of the possibility that any of them interact with any of the ADHD medication. A healthcare professional can explain what you can expect from different ADHD treatments and how they function within the body. They can also offer suggestions on lifestyle changes that could alleviate symptoms and make it easy to follow a treatment plan. It could take time to determine the best medicine, dosage and schedule for each individual. With a bit of patience and careful monitoring, ADHD medications can help people live more successful lives.

How To Explain ADHD Treatment Medication To Your Grandparents

Mon, 18 Nov 2024 04:36:21 +0000

ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD, appear to balance brain chemicals and boost their levels. However, they do not cure the condition and can only aid in managing symptoms so long as they are taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medications may include changes in blood pressure and heart rate, anxiety and tics. Some teens and children who take stimulant drugs experience a slight reduction in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and is the most widely prescribed drug to treat ADHD. It is available in a variety of forms, including tablets that chew liquid as well as an oral disintegrating tablet that acts long and has an extended release. The drug increases the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. This can help improve concentration. It can also help reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate is an effective treatment for ADHD in combination with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks transporters that remove these neurotransmitters normally from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Patients with diabetes should be on guard when taking this medication as it could cause an abrupt rise in blood sugar. If medication for adults with add have any of these side effects, speak to your doctor. Methylphenidate may also cause Raynaud’s phenomenon that causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is an uncommon side effect, however it is essential to notify your doctor if you experience these symptoms. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate can slow down children's growth. However this hasn't been proven. If you have a child who is receiving treatment with methylphenidate be sure to keep track of the height and weight closely. If your child is taking a methylphenidate tablet, the phenylalanine in it could pose a risk for children suffering from Phenylketonuria. Consult your physician about a different methylphenidate formula when you suffer from PKU. Some people are unable to take stimulants which are the primary choice of medication for treating ADHD. In these cases, doctors may prescribe other medications that function in a similar manner. There are other stimulants like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine, besides methylphenidate. These substances can last longer and are more potent than methylphenidate. They are usually taken every day, either twice or three times however some individuals might be able to take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however they are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera and is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration while decreasing the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It belongs to a class called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical messengers which regulate brain's activity. It is a favorite among people of all ages who need an alternative to stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is crucial to understand that atomoxetine does not work immediately. It could take up to 6 weeks before the effects of this drug are evident. In addition, you may be afflicted by side effects such as reduced appetite, drowsiness and upset stomach. For the majority of patients, the benefits of taking atomoxetine outweigh the risks. The efficacy of atomoxetine was verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled study with 297 ADHD patients ages 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine, a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine and the placebo group experienced a decrease in the symptoms of depression. The atomoxetine treatment group had greater improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group. However, the improvement was modest (Michelson and co. 2001). In a follow-up open trial, 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants were treated with the treatment of atomoxetine for eight weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvements in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Rated screening version and Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales increasing significantly. One patient withdrew due to a skin rash. Three patients also reported transient stomach symptoms, and one patient complained of increased fatigue. Consult your physician before you start treatment with atomoxetine. Discuss your medical history, including any medications or supplements you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as prescription medicines. Inform your doctor whether any of the following conditions exist: narrow-angle glaucoma; a thyroid or adrenal gland tumour or a high blood pressure heart disease or sudden death. It is also recommended to be wary of atomoxetine in the event that you have taken an MAO inhibitor like isocarboxazid, linezolid or methylene blue injection rasagiline or phenelzine, as well as tranylcypromine within the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion, a nonstimulant that is a non-stimulant, can aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. It also helps to reduce impulsivity and boost concentration, but it does not affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will decide the best dose for you. Bupropion is available in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is important to follow the instructions. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur if you stop suddenly. It's usually taken twice or three times daily with a 4-6 hour interval between each dose. The dosage can range between 100mg and three times per day to 150mg three or four time daily. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and eliminated into urine, which means that it cannot be absorbed into breast milk. However, it could enter the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion increases blood pressure. It is important to keep it in check frequently. In addition to reducing the symptoms of ADHD Bupropion can also reduce depression. It is also a treatment for bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors within your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine from entering your brain, which can help to regulate your mood. Bupropion may interact with other medications So it's crucial to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking. It's essential to let your doctor know if are suffering from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants because they can make side effects worse. In several studies in a variety of studies, bupropion was compared with placebos for adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and the majority of studies were poorly conducted. Furthermore, many of them did not include participants with psychiatric disorders. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion has a modest impact on ADHD. However it is necessary to conduct more research to determine positive patient-centered outcomes such as improvement in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be developed it is essential to gain a better understanding of the molecular types of ADHD. This includes a better understanding of the relation between the different molecular pathways. It is also crucial to know how anti-ADHD drugs function in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD don't work or cause adverse side effects, doctors may consider antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor) boost the neurotransmitters dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain, which helps people concentrate. These are older medications that can have challenging adverse reactions, and are usually only used after other medications have failed. The first option of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants which have been around for decades, may still be used in certain situations. These medications are also effective in treating neuropathic pain and provide a pain-relieving effect that is separate from their antidepressant effect. They increase the activity of the noradrenephrine receptor, by preventing its reuptake. They also act as descending modulators for pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs have a lower risk of toxicity and have less severe side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and don't appear to be teratogenic to humans or animals. If abruptly stopped, they could cause significant withdrawal symptoms. To reduce the risk of these adverse effects, your physician may suggest reducing your dose gradually over a period of time. While not officially approved by the FDA as an adhd medication, bupropion is a commonly prescribed antidepressant off-label to treat ADHD. It is believed to work by increasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which increases concentration. It's also known to relieve anxiety and can be used in conjunction with stimulants for more rapid and sustained results. There are no FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medications, but many people have found relief through herbal remedies and supplements to their diets. A diet low on sugar and fat may also aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Some people may benefit from avoiding caffeine. It is essential to inform your doctor about all the medications your child or you uses, including prescription drugs and herbal remedies. This will help prevent interactions and reduce unwanted side effects. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, which is why it's often a trial and error to discover the right dosage and drug for your child or you.

10 ADHD Medication Names Tricks All Experts Recommend

Mon, 18 Nov 2024 03:18:18 +0000

ADHD Medication Names Stimulants are among the most popular type of medication that healthcare professionals prescribe for ADHD. They increase levels of neurotransmitters in your brain, which helps you pay attention and manage your impulsivity. They are available in liquid or chewable form as well as extended-release and immediate-release tablets. Short-acting stimulants last for six to eight hours, while long-acting stimulants last up to 16 hours. Adderall Adderall is an amphetamineand dextroamphetamine-containing central nervous system stimulant. It is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the condition known as narcolepsy. It works by altering the levels of natural substances in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine. It also has been proven to reduce appetite. It is a controlled drug and can only be taken under the supervision of a doctor. It is available in extended-release tablet and capsule forms. It is typically prescribed in doses of between 5 and 30 milligrams. The dosage is modified on a weekly basis until you achieve the desired result. This medication can trigger negative side effects, such as insomnia, headaches, and stomach discomfort. In rare cases it can increase the heart rate or blood pressure. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents receive instruction in behavior management to help treat ADHD for children who are younger than 6. However, there are cases where medications are needed for example, when a child is having trouble paying attention and staying on task at school. Schools offer ADHD medication, as well as other treatments. Adderall may be prescribed by a physician to children aged 3 and over. As a side effect young children might be affected by an appetite suppressor or a decrease in growth. Additionally, they may not be able tolerate the adverse effects. Adderall is often prescribed to teens and adults with ADHD. This medication can aid in improving focus and reduce the risk of impulsivity. In addition, it can help with sleep issues and narcolepsy. Adderall is not advised during pregnancy. Studies on animals have demonstrated that Adderall may negatively affect a pregnant fetus. Pregnancy-related use of this medication could increase the chance of premature birth or low birth weight and withdrawal symptoms in infants. Consult your physician before taking Adderall during pregnancy. Evekeo Evekeo is a brand new ADHD medication that is prescribed is approved by FDA. It can also be used to treat obesity and narcolepsy. It is believed to aid in treat ADHD symptoms by changing the amount of neurotransmitters that are present in the brain. This drug is known as a stimulant and it can have negative effects that include insomnia, nervousness, and raised blood pressure. This medication is classified as a Schedule II controlled drug by the DEA, which means it could lead to physical dependence and addiction. It is important to talk with your doctor prior to taking this medicine. It is crucial to inform your doctor about any other medications you are taking, especially those you take for heart problems or high blood pressure. These medications could interact with Evekeo and cause an increase in blood pressure or heart rate. Inform your doctor if you have had a heart attack or stroke has ever occurred. The use of stimulants can increase the risk of stroke or heart attack. You should also inform your doctor if you're planning to become pregnant. It is not known whether this drug will cause harm to a foetus. Tell your doctor if there is any family history of mania, psychosis or any other mental illness. If you are allergic to the medication, consult your doctor immediately. This medication can cause severe reactions in those who have an underlying kidney or liver disease. It is recommended to not drink alcohol or take any other medications while taking this medicine. Avoid smoking while taking the medicine. If you do smoke, your doctor may suggest a quit program to help you stop smoking. In some cases the medication can trigger manic or psychotic symptoms, even in children and adolescents. These symptoms can be more severe in those who are suffering from depression, bipolar disorder, or psychosis. Evekeo is also linked to a long-term reduction in growth in a few pediatric patients. Your doctor should be monitoring your child's weight and height throughout treatment. This medication is not recommended to use by children younger than three. It is in the body through the skin and may cause harm to children as young as. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant that is the drug of choice for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is also used to treat narcolepsy. Doctors prescribe it as immediate-release tablets or extended-release capsules depending on a patient's needs and risk for side effects. It is available under several brands, including Concerta Adderall Ritalin and Vyvanse. There are also chewable long-acting tablets as well as an orally disintegrating tablet known as Cotempla XR-ODT (Jornay PM). Keep this medication out of reach of other people. Like all medicines, methylphenidate can cause side effects. However, they are rare and are seen in less than one in 100 people. Methylphenidate can increase the blood pressure of a person and pulse rate, so your doctor may keep an eye on your pulse and blood pressure. It also can slow down the growth of a child, but this is only a problem for one in 10 children. Methylphenidate may interact with certain medications, including monoamine oxide oxidase (MAOIs). These include isocarboxazid (Marplan), linezolid (Zyvox), methylene blue injection, the phenelzine (Nardil) and rasagiline (Azilect), and tranylcypromine (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar). MAOIs may also interact with antidepressants. If you're taking one of these drugs, tell your doctor before starting methylphenidate. If you've had any history of depression or anxiety discuss it with your doctor before taking this medication. It's also not recommended for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding mothers. It can also make symptoms of anxiety and depression worse. This medication is not recommended if you've had a stroke, heart disease or seizure. It is also not safe to take this medication when taking aspirin, or a yellow food color (such as tartrazine). Methylphenidate can cause an increase in appetite and blood pressure, which is why you should avoid high-fat foods. It's also important to take this medication with at least a glass of water. You can mix it with juice or a soft food, such as applesauce. Be careful when handling extended release capsules and tablets. Do not chew or crush these products. If you're having trouble swallowing the capsules, break them and mix them with an liquid food or soft drink. You can also dissolve the orally disintegrating tablet in a mouthful water. Methamphetamine Methamphetamine, or crystal meth is a white, solid that has no smell and a bitter taste. It is often smoked or injected intravenously. It is a stimulant and is used illegally for performance enhancement as well as weight loss to enhance sexual activity, and as a recreational substance. Methamphetamine can cause serious psychological and physical side effects. It can trigger an increase in heart rate and bloodpressure as well as euphoria, paranoia and euphoria well as hallucinations and aggression. It can also trigger cognitive changes such as memory loss and impairment of verbal learning. Regular use can also cause severe dental issues and skin abscesses. It can also lead to addiction and psychotic symptoms. Meth abuse is a major public health concern, especially among young people. The drug is made in labs that are illegal, which could be hazardous due to the toxic chemicals used as well as the possibility of explosions. Mixing drugs can also increase the risk of drug overdose. Adults who are taking stimulant drugs for ADHD may suffer from cardiovascular problems such as myocardial ischemia and stroke. These risks are more prevalent in those with heart defects or heart rhythm issues that are serious. These patients should not be treated with these medications. They can interact with other medications, such as antidepressants, muscle relaxants and sedatives. medications for adhd in adults is crucial to inform your doctor about any other medications you are taking. It is also crucial to inform your doctor if you have a history of depression, suicidal ideas or attempts, and any other mental health issues. You should not use methamphetamine when you are pregnant. It can harm your unborn baby. It is also recommended to avoid the chemicals used to manufacture methamphetamine because they are toxic and can cause burns, rashes and breathing problems. Meth addiction can be overcome with professional assistance. Individual or group counselling or a stay in a drug treatment centre and lifestyle changes can help you quit using meth. It is also essential to establish a strong support system, including family and friends. Aftercare services are available to help keep your new lifestyle going and keep you from any relapse. These include community-based and family-based support groups as well as mutual-help groups, alumni and events.

You'll Be Unable To Guess ADHD Medication's Tricks

Mon, 18 Nov 2024 03:17:10 +0000

ADHD Medicine For Kids Some children require multiple ADHD medications to get the best results. Children should be taking their medicines regularly. Stimulant medications work to aid normal brain chemicals in improving concentration and control of impulses. They are available in liquid form, pills or extended-release capsules. The doctor will put you on a low dose and observe how you react to the medication. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, a stimulant, can be used to treat the symptoms of narcolepsy as well as ADHD symptoms. It increases the levels of dopamine, which improves mood and concentration. It is a controlled substance which means it is only available with a prescription and must be prescribed by a physician. Methylphenidate can be purchased in tablets, capsules oral solution, transdermal patches. The kind of methylphenidate prescribed will be based on the diagnosis of your doctor and other factors. Methylphenidate may cause side effects such as a headache or stomachache, a dry mouth, a rapid heartbeat, shakiness, and nervousness. It may cause facial tics in certain people who experience sudden movements of the muscles of the face that aren't controlled. This occurs in less than one out of 100 people taking methylphenidate. It's important to notify your doctor right away if your child or you are experiencing this type of problem. It can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure which your doctor will monitor carefully while you take it. Some people might also suffer from a skin reaction like a rash which is swollen, itchy or blistered. It can affect blood flow to the fingers and feet (Raynaud’s disease). This is extremely serious and needs immediate treatment in hospital. In general, methylphenidate is safe for the majority of people when taken according to the directions. It can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure if taken excessively or frequently. It can also cause people to feel dizzy or sleepy. Therefore, it is not recommended to drive or operate machinery while taking it. Methylphenidate is classified as a Schedule II drug, which means that it could be abused. It could also trigger addiction in certain people. You should not share your medication with anyone else. Keep your methylphenidate safe in a cupboard, and only use the prescribed amount. Amphetamines Amphetamines are a class of drugs used to treat ADHD in children as well as adults. They work by increasing the levels of certain brain chemicals, increasing concentration and helping control the behavior of impulsiveness. They can also be used to treat certain symptoms of Tourette's syndrome. They are available in immediate-release tablets and extended-release capsules as well in an oral solution. They are controlled medications in the UK (class C) which means that you will need to be signed in by a physician when you collect the pills. Most people will take them one time every week, however some people may take them twice. Atomoxetine works differently than other stimulant drugs. It is available to children and teens older than 5 if methylphenidate or Lisdexamfetamine aren't available. It is different from other stimulant drugs. It can be prescribed to teenagers and children over 5 years old if methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine aren't available or to adults suffering from a medical condition that is diagnosed. It's typically taken as a capsule once or twice daily. Stimulant medications are widely abused. It is important to keep your child's or teenager's medication safe away from sight and reach of your friends, and not shared or sold to other people. It could be risky to take the medication in the incorrect method. For instance crushing the pill and injecting it. medications for adhd in adults , such as MDMA (ecstasy) and methamphetamine are derived from amphetamines. Amphetamines can be addictive and cause side effects that can be difficult to manage particularly for older people. These adverse effects could include extreme fatigue and irritation. They can also cause cravings, a desire to continue using the drug, and an extreme fatigue. Consult your physician if you or your child experiences any of these side effects. If you or your children are taking long-acting stimulation drugs, it's important to be aware that blood pressure can drop suddenly when the drug is removed. Call triple zero (000) or an ambulance, as soon as this occurs. This could be extremely dangerous and could lead to a stroke, heart attack or even death. Talking to your doctor can help you manage the effects of stopping or reducing the dose. They can also give you support and advice. Long-acting stimulants Many people who suffer from ADHD find that stimulants help them stay focused, complete tasks and enhance their relationships. Some people are not able to take this kind of medication. The adverse effects, like heart palpitations and anxiety, and the negative effects on appetite and sleep are often unpleasant. These problems can prevent people from taking the medication they need. There are ways to help ease these adverse effects. Your doctor can lower the dosage of your medication or switch you to a different one and self-help strategies can make a big difference. A majority of people who are taking an ADHD medication will need to be monitored closely by medical professionals. This is because it can take anywhere from a couple of weeks to a month for the medication to take its full effect. Also, it is essential to find the appropriate dosage for you. The doctor will ask about your daily routine and habits and also any other health issues you or your child could be suffering from. The most popular forms of long-acting stimulants include Concerta, Focalin and Ritalin SR, and Vyvanse. All of these belong to a class of drugs known as methylphenidates. They have been in use for many years. Some are available as chewable tablets and liquid and others can be put on skin patches for children who aren't keen on swallowing pills. Adderall, Dexedrine and other amphetamine-based ADHD medications are also available. They have a stronger and long-lasting effect than methylphenidates and can be taken in a variety of ways, such in the form of a powder for younger children who aren't able to take pills. Some children prefer to take these pills mixed with juice or milk. Strattera (atomoxetine), and Qelbree, (viloxazine), are stimulants with a long-acting effect that do not belong to the methylphenidate or amphetamine group. They belong to a category of drugs called selective Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors and are able to increase levels of norepinephrine, a brain chemical. They can also reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms. Other medicines If the stimulants do not work or cause unpleasant side effects, your doctor may prescribe non-stimulant drugs. medications for adhd take longer to work but they can help improve your ability to focus and control impulses. They also help reduce anxiety and depression that may occur with ADHD. Doctors may also recommend therapy to help you learn how to manage your symptoms and improve your behavior. They might recommend that you avoid certain drinks, foods or activities that are believed to cause issues for people with ADHD. Stimulants alter the levels of two chemical brain-based messengers, dopamine and norepinephrine. Norepinephrine helps you concentrate and dopamine helps to increase this concentration. There are 12 medications that have been approved to treat ADHD. These include methylphenidate hydrochloride, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, amphetamine sulfate, dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride/serdexmethylphenidate chloride, mixed amphetamine salts and atomoxetine (Strattera). Atomoxetine was the first medicine approved for adults with ADHD as a non-stimulant. It is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, which means it increases the amount of norepinephrine that is present in the brain. Other drugs in this class include guanfacine (Tenex, Intuniv), and Clonidine (Catapres). Antidepressants are also prescribed by doctors to increase the levels of dopamine in the mind. Bupropion is among the most commonly prescribed antidepressant used for adults with ADHD. It is usually prescribed “off-label” to treat ADHD when it occurs alongside depression or other substance use disorders, specifically cannabis and nicotine addiction. There are some experts who believe there is a connection between mood and ADHD and antidepressants could be helpful in treating ADHD symptoms as well as improving your mood. The NHS suggests speaking with your GP prior to taking these medications. If your GP determines that medication is the right option for you, he'll prescribe a small amount that will gradually increase over a period of several weeks. Your GP will check on your health regularly to ensure that the treatment is working and also to check for any adverse effects that could occur. They might refer you to an expert, such as psychologist or counselor for additional support.